The latest Tainos had been pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and also the northern Lower Antilles. It is thought that the seafaring Tainos have been members of the family of your Arawakan people of South usa. Its language is a member of the fresh new Maipurean linguistic relatives, hence range out-of South america along the Caribbean.
During Columbus’s arrival from inside the 1492, there had been four Taino kingdoms and areas toward Hispaniola (twenty-first century Dominican Republic and you may Haiti), for every provided from the a main Cacique (chieftain), so you’re able to exactly who tribute are paid off. Given that hereditary head master away from Taino people, this new cacique is repaid high tribute. Caciques liked the Tyskt postorder brudar USA newest privilege off using golden pendants titled guanin, staying in rectangular bohios instead of the round of those the newest villagers populated, and seated to your wood feces when receiving site visitors. During the time of the brand new Language conquest, the greatest Taino population locations possess consisted of around step three,000 people or maybe more. New Tainos have been historic locals and you may foes of strong Carib tribes, an alternate category that have root within the South usa who existed principally in the latest Reduced Antilles.
Locally, the new Tainos regarded by themselves by the name of their area
For much of the newest fifteenth century, the brand new Taino tribe had been driven into the Northeast from the Caribbean (from what is actually now South usa) due to raids by the tough Caribs (Of many Carib feminine spoke Taino of the multitude of women Taino captives one of them).
Terminology The expression „Taino“ appear directly from Columbus
By eighteenth century, Taino community was actually devastated by the brought ailment such as for example smallpox, and also other problems eg intermarriages and you may forced intake for the the plantation economy one Spain implemented with its Caribbean colonies, with its subsequent importation out-of African slave gurus. The original filed smallpox outbreak when you look at the Hispaniola occurred in 1507. It is argued there are generous mestizaje along with numerous Indian pueblos you to survived toward 19th century for the Cuba. The brand new Spaniards which earliest arrived in the new Bahamas, Cuba and you can Hispaniola in 1492, and later for the Puerto Rico, don’t offer women. They grabbed Taino women due to their wives, and this lead to mestizo children.
The brand new indigenous someone he discovered within his earliest trip entitled by themselves „Taino“, definition „good“ or „noble“, to differentiate by themselves from Island-Caribs. So it label used on all of the Area Tainos and additionally those who work in new Minimal Antilles. Such, those who work in Puerto Rico called by themselves Boricua (meaning that individuals from this new island of one’s valiant commendable lords) their isle is entitled Borike’n (Higher home of your own valiant commendable lord) and those consuming the fresh Bahamas entitled themselves Lucayo (quick countries).
Particular ethnohistorians, such as for instance Daniel Garrison Brinton, called the same people of individuals „Island Arawak“ regarding the Arawakan term to possess cassava flour, an essential of the competition. From this, the text plus the citizens were sooner named „Arawak“. However, modern scholars think of this an error. The individuals exactly who called by themselves Arawak stayed simply regarding the Guianas and you may Trinidad in addition to their code and you may people vary from the ones from the fresh Taino.
Going through day, other writers, tourist, historians, linguists, anthropologists, an such like., keeps interchangeably utilized these types of words. Taino has been utilized to mean the greater Antillean people only, men and women together with Bahamas tribes, the individuals and the Leeward Isles tribes otherwise all these leaving out the brand new Puerto Rican people and you will Leeward tribes. Area Taino has been used to refer to those located in the fresh new Windward Countries only, those who work in the latest northern Caribbean simply otherwise those individuals living in one of the islands. Modern historians, linguists and you can anthropologists today keep that the name Taino would be to refer to all the Taino/Arawak people except for the brand new Caribs. This new Caribs are not seen by anthropologists nor historians to be an equivalent some one regardless if linguists remain debating whether the Carib language is an enthusiastic Arawakan dialect otherwise creole words – or at least a distinct vocabulary, having an enthusiastic Arawakan pidgin tend to used in communications.